Oyonnax, a small town nestled in the heart of Haut-Bugey, in the Ain, is recognized worldwide as the historic cradle of French eyewear. For more than two centuries, this region has built a solid reputation thanks to its craftsmanship, industrial ingenuity and its ability to innovate in the manufacture of eyeglass frames. This article traces the fascinating history of Oyonnax and explains how this town has established itself as a key player in the optical industry.
The origins of eyewear in Oyonnax
The history of eyewear in Oyonnax dates back to the beginning of the 19th century, well before the industrial boom in the region. At the time, the inhabitants of Oyonnax lived mainly from logging and the manufacture of wooden combs. In 1827, the introduction of horn material for the manufacture of combs marked a turning point in the local industry. Horn, a malleable material, made it possible to diversify artisanal production and create new everyday objects, including eyeglass frames.
It is in this context that the manufacture of horn glasses began to develop in Oyonnax. The craftsmen of the region, with their mastery of working with this material, quickly extended their know-how to eyewear. Thanks to the precision of their gestures and the quality of their production, Oyonnax has become a center of artisanal eyewear manufacturing, a pioneer in the creation of elegant and robust frames.
Industrial growth in the 20th century
The real development of the eyewear industry in Oyonnax took place at the beginning of the 20th century, with the introduction of new materials such as cellulose acetate. This plastic material, invented in the early 1900s, revolutionized the manufacture of eyeglass frames. Acetate, light and malleable, allows for the mass production of eyeglasses, while maintaining a wide variety of styles and finishes.
After the Second World War, the eyewear industry took off in the region. Oyonnax, which had already established itself as a major industrial city, attracted many companies specializing in the production of eyewear. Artisanal know-how was transformed into industrial expertise, and the region became a true center of innovation. Iconic brands were founded there and contributed to the international reputation of French eyewear.
During this period, Oyonnax was also called "Plastics Valley", due to the concentration of companies working with plastic, many of which were dedicated to eyewear. Manufacturing technologies evolved, but the city kept its commitment to artisanal quality.
Oyonnax, the center of French eyewear
In the 1960s and 1970s, Oyonnax confirmed its position as a leader in the eyewear sector. Local companies, such as Morel and L'Amy, stood out on international markets by creating innovative eyewear collections that combined design and technology. At that time, frames made in Oyonnax were prized for their quality, robustness and aesthetics. The region became a key player for major fashion designers who began to launch their own eyewear collections.
Oyonnax's craftsmen and engineers continued to innovate by exploring new materials, such as titanium and composites. The 1980s saw the emergence of cutting-edge technologies, allowing the production of lighter and more comfortable frames, without compromising strength and elegance.
The know-how of Oyonnax today
Today, Oyonnax continues to play a key role in the global eyewear industry, although international competition has intensified with the arrival of Asian producers. However, the city has managed to preserve and modernize its heritage thanks to unique craftsmanship and an industry that has evolved. The “Origine France Garantie” label is a guarantee of quality that promotes products designed and manufactured locally, and which still attracts a clientele looking for high-end eyewear.
Major eyewear brands continue to source from Oyonnax, where there is a concentration of specialist companies, subcontractors and research laboratories. These players work hand in hand to push the boundaries of innovation while maintaining the traditions of excellence that have made the region's reputation.
A heritage to preserve
The industrial and artisanal heritage of Oyonnax is today a treasure that local residents and businesses are working to preserve. The Comb and Plastics Museum, located in the town, traces the history of the eyewear and plastics industries in the region, offering a living testimony to this unique know-how.In short, the history of eyewear in Oyonnax is one of continuous evolution, from a craft tradition to industrial innovation, while maintaining a passion for quality and design. This rich heritage makes Oyonnax a true cradle of eyewear, and a model of adaptation and creativity in a constantly evolving industry.